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????? ????????? (Biophysics) ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????.[1] ??????????? ????????? ???????????? (Bio Scale) ??? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????(cell), ????, ??????????, ?????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???? ?????????????? ??????????????, ???? ?????????????, ??????? ?????????, ???????????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????.
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[????]?????????????, ???????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????.
- 1592 - ??????? ????? ????? ????????????????? ???????? ????? 1610 ??? ????????, ??????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????????.[2] ???? ????, ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????.
- 1602 - ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????.
- 1662 - ???????? ???????? - ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????????.
- 1840?????, ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? (the Berlin school of physiologists) ???????????? ??????? ?????????? (???????, ????????, ???) ?????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????(Hermann von Helmholtz), ???????? ???????? ??????(Ernst Heinrich Weber), ?????? ????. ???????. ??????? (Carl F. W. Ludwig), ??????? ??????? ??????? (Johannes Peter Müller).[3]
- 1957?? - ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????. ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????.[4]
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[????]????????? ????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????.
????? ???????????????,
- ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????, ????????, ????? ????????? ?????????,
- ??.???.?. ??????? ???.???.???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????,
- ??????????????, ????? ?????????? ????? ????????
?????? ?? ???????????? ????????????????.
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[????]- ↑ "Careers in Biophysics brochure, Biophysical Society" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-07. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ↑ [1] ????????????? 2025-08-07 at the ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????
- ↑ Donald R. Franceschetti. Applied Science - 5 Volume Set. SALEM PressINC; 15 May 2012. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-58765-781-8. p. 234.
- ↑ Joe Rosen; Lisa Quinn Gothard. Encyclopedia of Physical Science. Infobase Publishing; 2009. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-8160-7011-4. p. 49.
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- Journal of Physiology: 2012 virtual issue ??????????????? ?????????????
- bio-physics-wiki
- Link archive of learning resources for students: biophysika.de (60% ????????, 40% ???????)